Biden pays attention to the so -called "Biden Economics", that is, the suppression of the country has been separated from various countries, and has engaged in a "Angle Act". In the field of science and technology, Biden tried to curb China's scientific and technological development speed through sanctions, as if this can keep the United States always maintain the dominant position of the past.
But, did Biden really do it? not at all. Especially in the field of technology, Biden now pays attention to the semiconductor industry back to the United States, trying to re -establish a complete semiconductor industry chain in the United States.
Generally speaking, there are three main links in the semiconductor industry chain: chip design, wafer manufacturing (chip foundry), packaging test. At present, the United States is the world's strongest in the field of chip design, but in the field of wafer production and packaging testing, the United States has no competitiveness. In other words, the United States has completely released this competitiveness more than 30 years ago.
Is the US semiconductor glorious? certainly. What needs to be known is that the world's first integrated circuit is actually made by the United States. In the 1990s, the United States had a share of 37%in the global semiconductor market. But three years ago, the US market share was only 12%left. But before the 1990s, the US semiconductor industry was actually very brilliant.
If you want to make an integrated circuit in the last century, then you need to prepare basic components such as resistance, capacitors, inductors, diode, triode, triode, and triode. Then you need to connect these basic components with a wire so that you can make the simplest logical circuit. However, because this logical circuit is very complicated, it is also expensive, and the cost is quite large.
Until the end of the 1950s, Jack Kirby, an engineer of Texas instruments, and one of the inventors of the integrated circuit, thought of a trick, that is to directly produce these basic components.
Jack Kirby's idea is to create a triode directly on the chip, and then make the resistor, and then use the reverse diode to make a capacitor. As a result, the world's first integrated circuit was born.
Naturally, this integrated circuit has another most critical problem that it has not been solved, that is, it still needs to use manpower to connect these components. Later, Robert Nest, one of Intel founders, thought of a way to replace thermal welding wires with evaporating metal metal.
Naturally, this method of Robert Neus was indeed feasible and in line with the situation at the time. But this brings a new problem, that is, the cost is out of control. In the 1960s, it wanted to use Robert Nest's method to create a integrated circuit, which could reach $ 450. If it is calculated according to inflation, you can buy two iPhone 15 Pro Max.
So, is there any way to solve the problem of manufacturing costs? Yes, that is to transfer production. where? China Hong Kong.
At that time, Hong Kong was actually a highly industrialized manufacturing center, and it was still a free port, which could avoid many issues such as import tax rates.
At that time, the hourly salary of Hong Kong workers was 25 cents, only 10%of American workers! In the early 1960s, it was founded by Robert Nuns and "Father of Crystal Pipes" Sha Xiaoli and others. A semiconductor manufacturer was established in Hong Kong, which also means that the US semiconductor industry chain is truly out of sea.
In just one year, the semiconductor factory benefited from low labor costs. In that year, 120 million integrated circuits were produced, and they were directly exported to East Asia. Such a large market attracted the capital of countless western countries at once.
As a result, American companies such as Motorola and Texas have shifted the semiconductor industry chain to Hong Kong. Since then, the United States has continuously transferred semiconductor factories to Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, China with low labor costs. In the end, the US semiconductor industry chain was almost exhausted.
It was not until the 1980s that the United States gradually realized that Japan had surpassed the United States in the semiconductor field, so the United States began to introduce a series of measures for Japan, further accelerating the breakdown of the Japanese economic bubble.
But why isn't the United States lost 30 years in the semiconductor field like Japan? In the United States, although the chip manufacturers have made every effort to build a factory in the United States.
However, the high labor costs in the United States are what they call unacceptable. Even if it is really carried out in the United States, it is absolutely impossible for human sealing and testing to be carried out in the United States. Therefore, it is impossible for the United States to really create chips.
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